How important is synchronizing?

Synchronizing requirements
There are four conditions that need to be met when synchronizing a generator or generators to the grid, which are:

• Voltage - Voltage magnitude of the Bus and Line must be the same or within the allowable magnitude set in the synchronizing check relay. Typical settings are at 5% up to 10%.
• Frequency - Frequency must be the same or within the allowable slip frequency between the Bus (Generator) and the Line (Grid).
• Phase Sequence - Phase sequence must be the same sequence i.e. R, Y, B sequence for both Bus and Line.
• Phase Angle - Phase angle for each Bus and Line must be 120 deg apart respectively. The phase angle between e.g. R - Y of Line and R-Y of Bus must be within the maximum allowable angle difference. Typical settings are from 5 deg up to 15 deg. The charge man or competent electrical engineer would normally close the breaker when the synchroscope is close to 000 hrs, which means that the angle difference is closing to 0 deg.

Electrical Notes (Own)

Peace be upon all of you,

Here are some of my own electrical notes. It's hand written like a logbook. Hope it can help you to prepare for the Board of Engineers Malaysia PCE Technical Paper (Electrical) or just for the sake of increasing your knowledge. 

If you have any comments or questions about it, do comment below or send an email to cruxofee@gmail.com 

Here's the download link: 

• CoEE - Electrical Notes (97MB)
• CoEE - Electrical Notes 368MB (High Resolution)

Both files have the same content. I'd suggest for you to print on A3 paper as it will be legible. You can still zoom in and the writings are still legible. The high resolution is better and brighter.