Protection System 15 Capacitor Bank Protection (By CoEE)

 Technical sharing on Electrical Protection System: 15 Capacitor Bank Protection by Crux of Electrical Engineering, Malaysia. This topic will cover introduction on:

- Capacitor Problems - Capacitor Rating - Overcurrent - Unbalance Protection

Yotube video link: https://youtu.be/FHLeM1wUV94 Presentation dan komentar mix in English dan Bahasa Melayu. This video is on Chapter 15 (out of 17 Chapters)

Protection System 14 Generator Protection (By CoEE)

Technical sharing on Electrical Protection System: 14 Generator Protection by Crux of Electrical Engineering, Malaysia. This topic will cover introduction on:

- Generator Earthing - OC (51, 51V), Loss of Excitation (40), Negative Sequence (46), Reverse Power (32), Differential (87G) and Frequency Protection (81O, 81U)

Yotube video link: https://youtu.be/-ubCwPEn10A Presentation dan komentar mix in English dan Bahasa Melayu. This video is on Chaper 14 (out of 17 Chapters)

Protection System 13 Motor Protection (By CoEE)

Technical sharing on Electrical Protection System: 13 Motor Protection by Crux of Electrical Engineering, Malaysia. This topic will cover on:

- Overload, Negative sequence, etc. - Short Circuit (by Fuse or Circuit Breaker) - Discrimination for fuse/ circuit breaker with respect to contactor short circuit rating

Presentation dan komentar mix in English dan Bahasa Melayu. Yotube link: https://youtu.be/hI7xtujW7Xo This video is on Chaper 13 (out of 17 Chapters)

SHALL ONE UPGRADE THE SWITCHBOARD IF MOMENTARILY DURING THE SWITCHING (MAKE BEFORE BREAK), THE PROSPECTIVE SC LEVEL EXCEEDS THE SC RATING OF THE BOARD?

A: Issue:

Persons Under Competent Control, Chargeman, Electrical Engineers and Electrical Service Engineers will always perform switching at electrical switchboards from LV to HV. With increase in fault level in the system (due to more generation and more inter-connection), some users may face the issue of the Short Circuit (SC) level exceeding the SC rating of the switchboard such as during momentary parallel of 2 incomers or 2 transformers. So should one change the switchboard just to cater for that few seconds when you momentarily parallel 2 or more sources?

Note: Please read the following with the assumption that the switchboard SC rating is below the SC level of the system during momentarily parallel of 2 or more sources.

B. Risk:

i. If no fault during the switching, no issue.

Non Magnetic Cable Ties to Secure Single Core (1C) Cable Trefoil Formation in Underground

In a certain Technical Standard, there is a clause for underground cable with regards to Single core cables, when laid in trefoil formation, shall be braced by preformed non-magnetic clamps or cleats designed to withstand the mechanical forces caused by short circuit currents.

Upon checking with electrical colleagues and counterparts, for underground (UG) cables, they rarely see use of cleats or clamps to secure the 1C cable trefoil formation. The use of cleats and clamps are normally seen at cable bending and when entering building to secure the above ground cables. Most of the times, the contractors propose to use cable ties made with SS316 coated with PU.

So are these SS316 cable ties non-magnetic type?

There are actually many types of stainless steel categories, which are:
1. Austenitic
2. Ferritic
3. Martensitic
4. Duplex
5. Precipitation-hardened.

We'll be focusing on austenitic and ferritic stainless steel material. What do they mean?

>>> Ferritic – generally magnetic
Ferritic stainless steels are classified in the 400 series, usually with 10% to 30% chromium content, and are often chosen for their excellent corrosion resistance and elevated temperature oxidation resistance.

>>> Austenitic – non-magnetic in the annealed condition
Austenitic stainless steels are chromium-nickel-iron (series 300) or chromium nickel-manganese-iron (series 200) alloys. Austenitic stainless steels are non-magnetic in the annealed condition but, depending on the composition (mainly the nickel and manganese content), they become slightly magnetic when cold worked. Austenitic stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat treating but only by cold working.

========

For specification of non-magnetic stainless steel cable ties to brace the 1C cables trefoil formation, one should specify it to be made of Austenitic Stainless Steel to address the non-magnetic material requirement.

What are your experiences with regards to this requirement? Do share in the comment below.

Protection System 12 Cable Protection (By CoEE)

Peace be upon all of us

Perkongsian Electrical Protection System: 12 Cable Protection by Crux of Electrical Engineering, Malaysia.

Video akan merangkumi:
- Cable OCEF and Pilot Wire

Here's the Video Link: https://youtu.be/pmCEC_UoN18
(Siri ke-12 dari 17)

#cruxofelectricalengineering #cruxofee #electricalengineering #electricaltraining #Malaysia #protectionrelay #BahasaMalaysia #ocef #overcurrent #earthfault #cable #cableprotection

Thank you for listening. Please don’t forget to:

- Youtube Channel: Crux of EE @ https://bit.ly/2wwtsb8
- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cruxofee
- Web: www.cruxofee.com
- Instagram: @cruxofee
- Any questions, you can email or comment below

Crux of Electrical Engineering
E: cruxofee@gmail.com

Protection System 11 Transformer Protection (By CoEE)

Peace be upon all of us

Perkongsian Electrical Protection System: 11 Transformer Protection by Crux of Electrical Engineering, Malaysia. Video akan merangkumi:
- Transformer Problems/ Failure Modes (Brief)
- Transformer Electrical and Mechanical Protection

Here's the Video Link: https://youtu.be/L3yEc_-lCmM (Siri ke-11 dari 17)

#cruxofelectricalengineering #cruxofee #electricalengineering #electricaltraining #Malaysia #protectionrelay #BahasaMalaysia #ocef #overcurrent #earthfault #transformer #transformerprotection #buchholz #PRD #pressurereliefdevice #windingtemperature #oiltemperature #restrictedearthfault #Ansi64 #ansi87N #Ansi87T

Thank you for listening. Please don’t forget to:

- Youtube Channel: Crux of EE @ https://bit.ly/2wwtsb8
- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cruxofee
- Web: www.cruxofee.com
- Instagram: @cruxofee
- Any questions, you can email or comment below

Crux of Electrical Engineering
E: cruxofee@gmail.com